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What is the novel coronavirus? Coronaviruse are a large family of viruses that can cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The 2019 novel coronavirus, called 'SARS- CoV-2' (previ referred to as 2019- nCoV), is a new strain that has not been identified in humans before. On 11 February 2020, WHO formally named the disease caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus as 'COVID-19'. The acronym stands for coronavirus disease 2019, as the illness was first detected toward the end of last year. Do you have questions about the 2019 novel coronavirus Send them to education@ and topic experts will address them in the upcoming ERS / PREPARE Europe webinars focusing on COVID-19. More details about the webinars will be shared soon. Outbreak summary: where, when and possible source On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of several cases of viral pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, China. COVID-19 patients exhibited respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. On 30 January 2020, WHO declared the SARS- CoV-2 outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Cases of COVID-19 have been reported elsewhere in China and in 25 other countries worldwide, including in the regions of Asia, Europe, North America, UAE and Australia. ERS recommends consulting the WHO's situation reports for the latest figures on confirmed cases and the geographic spread of SARS- CoV-2. From 17 February 2020 WHO began reporting all confirmed COVID-2019 cases, including both laboratory- confirmed cases and cases that have been clinically diagnosed. Clinical diagnoses of COVID-2019 were not previously included in the WHO’s situation reports, which accounts for the large increase in case numbers compared with previous WHO reports. How is the virus transmitted? The WHO reports that human- to- human transmission is occurring with a preliminary R0 estimate of 1.4-2.5. Current estimates of the incubation period of the virus range from 2–10 days, but more information about the mode of transmission is needed to confirm this. Experts are also still unclear whether transmission can occur from asymptomati individuals or during the incubation period. To prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus, the public should follow standard infection prevention recommenda including regular hand washing, covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, and thoroughly cooking meat and eggs. Where possible, people should avoid close contact with persons showing symptoms of respiratory illness, including coughing and sneezing. What is the risk of cases in the European region? So far there have been 45 cases and 1 death due to COVID-19 reported in the EU/ EEA and the UK, including 14 locally- acquired cases in Germany, 7 in France and 1 in the UK. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) say that due to the extensive movement of people and the fact that the virus is transmitted from one person to another, it is expected that further cases will be reported in the EU. The ECDC report that the probability of: transmis in the EU/ EEA and the UK is consider to be very low, but the impact of sustained transmis in the EEA/ UK would be high among elderly populatio with comorbi widespre SARS- CoV-2 infection remains low during the 2019– 2020 influenza season, but if there was a significan increase in COVID-1 cases during this time, the impact on healthcar systems could be moderat to high. If people with COVID-19 are tested and diagnosed in a timely manner and rigorous infection control measures are applied, the likelihood of further human- to- human transmission in the EU/ EEA and the UK is low. Advice for healthcare professionals As with SARS and MERS, when dealing with suspected COVID-19 cases, health professionals should follow CDC airborne precautions and wear respiratory masks (N95 or higher) during intubation and when entering a negative pressure room. The WHO has prepared clinical guidance for the management of suspected COVID-19 cases and technical guidance on laboratory testing for the novel coronavirus in humans: |
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